ECOMP 5007: UDL

Remember our class discussion on Universal Design for Learning (UDL)? This week your assignment provided you with some more detailed information about UDL and the outcomes it may foster. You dug a lot deeper into this topic, and you looked at some tools that provide UDL foundations.


After reviewing the different resources offered this week about universal design, what is being modeled here? How does design afford higher levels of access and learning? Are there ways for you to bring these kinds of strategies and techniques into your own work with students?

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What is being modeled here is a broader perception of the what, how, and why of learning. It attacks the notion that students are like machines and that an “assembly line” education system will allow all of them to emerge as adults ready to enter the real world. Far from it, we are all unique individuals who learn, comprehend, and express our understanding in unique ways. This concept speaks not just to students identified with special needs but also to students who are considered mainstream.

Design affords higher levels of access and learning by helping teachers to stay focused on the “big picture.” At the same time, teachers need to recognize that each student is unique in their learning styles and abilities to express understanding. I see it as an interesting contradiction: Don’t loose sight of the overall goal of educating all of your students by also being aware of the uniqueness of each and every student in the class. When you see classroom teachers, special education instructors, and support staff working toward this goal of Universal Design of Learning I see yet another example of how teachers need to be “quick on their feet,” ready to change, modify, and reconfigure their mode of teaching at a moments notice as they move from one student to another. This is not an easy skill to acquire, and I give great credit to those teachers who are successful at this each and every day.

During my internship to become an educator I latched on to the concept of designing lessons that would address the three main learning styles: visual, auditory, and tactile learners. Having read the material on UDL I see that, while this concept is a good start there is more to the spectrum than just three learning styles. This is certainly the case when I factor in students entering my classroom in need of accommodations.

Last year was my first time using an audio enhancement tool with two different students who had hear impairments. While I don’t have a problem making my voice loader for everyone to hear, I also tend to move about the classroom as I teach. I realized that this could be problematic for these two students. Wearing the voice enhancement microphone allowed me to continue teaching in this style while also allowing these students to hear my directions clearly.

In looking at some of the tools provided in this weeks assignment, one that I took notice of is the Web Notes tool. I try to post all of my teaching materials online via my website so that students, parents, and teachers can access the content at any time. When combined with Web Notes, students with memory impairments could attach key words and phrases right onto my digital documents and webpages to help them recall the information later. Another tool that could easily integrate into this framework is Natural Reader. Again, since I put all of my materials online in digital format, students with visual impairments or dyslexia could use this tool to have the computer read such things as the directions off of a worksheet or speak aloud the copy of my notes from the previous lesson. Text-to-Speech tools like this give students power and control over their learning so that they can be and feel successful in their journey as a lifelong learner.

ECOMP 5007: Supporting Students with Disabilities

What has been your experience with families of students with disabilities? What kind of support is available to educators and staff to support the IEP recommendations? How are students and families involved in the IEP process or in provision of assistive technology?

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What has been your experience with families of students with disabilities? Much of my experience has been with students and their disabilities. I am rarely invited or brought in to the IEP process. Rather I get the call after an IEP has been established and the assistive technology needs to be setup/installed. In some of the schools I’ve worked in I’ve been fortunate to work with special needs staff who have thought to seek my insight and consult with me prior to an IEP meeting. While I cannot comment on how a piece of assistive technology may or may not aid a student, this has given me the opportunity to provide information on the schools’ ability to implement the technology and provide constant support for its use. I have been teaching a 6th grade computer literacy class for the past three years now, and it has taken that long for the special needs staff to begin seeing the need to include me in IEP meetings that affect 6th grade students. In the meetings that I am now beginning to attend, I have become keenly aware of my inexperience with the IEP process. If I have a strength, it has been in helping other teachers to integrate technology to aid them in collecting assessment data. While my point of view has been toward all students, having read some of the literature for this class I see that this data could also be important to the IEP construction process. What kind of support is available to educators and staff to support the IEP recommendations? Our IT department and staff make every effort to support the recommendations for assistive technology that grow out of an IEP plan. To this end, we constantly advocate to be consulted during the planning process so that we can provide the team with accurate information with respect to our ability to provide the technology, a realistic timeline of when we can implement the technology, and our ability to provide maintenance and upgrade of the hardware/software. Even with our 1-to-1 environment in grades 7 and 8, our ability to respond effectively and timely continues to be a challenge. In these instances, I wonder if our IEP’s need to focus on using “trials” with non-specific technology types/brands as described in the ASNAT document we read. This might give us more flexibility to find the right technology that can be supported by the IT department, integrated into the schools’ technology infrastructure, and serve the needs of the student. How are students and families involved in the IEP process or in provision of assistive technology? From my observations, both students and parents are vital players in the IEP process in my school district. IEP meetings usually do not take place unless at least one parent representative is in attendance. The student may not be present for some meetings due to the nature of the agenda, but I believe student involvement is strongly encouraged during the assessment and evaluation parts of the IEP process. Student input into whether or not the assistive technology is meeting the goals of the IEP plan is just as important as that of the teacher. Since the start of Maine’s 1-to-1 laptop initiative (MLTI) in grades 7 and 8, I think parent involvement has become even more critical in the IEP process. Part of the mandate of the MLTI program is that the student be able to bring his/her laptop home during the school week. As a result, any assistive technology connected to this device is now present both at school and in the home environment. Therefore, parents need to be included in the IEP process so that they can effectively support their child in the use of the assistive technology when they are at home.

ECOMP 5007: Access to Print - eBooks and eText

If we look at the tools and resources that support accessibility, what are some of the strategies that are going to make these kinds of accommodations for students a viable reality? How much do educators need to know? Can students migrate to digital content without their teachers making any changes in their instructional practices?

Take some time to offer your reflections on this challenging issue in the discussion forum. Please post your thoughts by Friday at 9pm and respond to two of your peers by Sunday evening at 9pm. As you think about your response and those of your peers, offer information that will help extend your (and their!) thinking, and perhaps move the conversation to the next level.

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The realm of assistive technology has come a long way since the last time I took a class on the topic. In fact, when I was going for my teacher certification there was no “class” on technology, assistive or otherwise. At the time, my certification program saw technology as just something cool that we might or might not want to bring into our classrooms. Now, we not only have computers in labs and classrooms, but we have students entering 1-to-1 laptop environments (Maine’s MLTI program) and even the introduction of portable devices such as the iPad and iPod Touch as vehicles through which assistive technology tools are being delivered.

In order to make assistive technology tools a viable reality, all of the players need to have a stake in its application in order to ensure their proper and consistent use. It’s not enough to just buy and install the equipment; a plan needs to be developed and ready to implement that will show both student and teacher how the assistive technology should be used and why. I think the why is also important to the student “buy in,” because if the student doesn’t see why they should use it then they may resist using it. When I was an Ed. Tech. at the elementary level, I had a student who was very, very small for her age. Her fingers were so small that using a standard keyboard was difficult for her and she did not look forward to computer class. Then the occupational therapist and I got together to purchase a “little fingers” keyboard for her. Each class I would have to disconnect a computer in order to setup the special keyboard, but when the student saw how she could be just as productive as her peers with this keyboard her attitude did a complete 180°. 

When it comes to assistive technology educators need to know just as much, if not more, than the student when it comes to the how and why. Now matter how precise a tool is as a match for the student, they still need to be taught when and how to use it. Educators also need to be aware of how the content they are teaching may change when it is filtered through a piece of assistive technology. For example, if a teacher assigns a piece of text to read that a students’ Text-to-Speech program is unable to analyze properly, this could be a problem. Hence, teachers need to be ready to make changes in their instructional practices regardless of how good the digital content is or how efficient the assistive technology may be. The more that the content is in digital form the easier it is for educators to modify that content into a format that will sync with a students special needs. A common thread found in the articles we had to read strongly reinforce the message that digital content, such as ebooks, can be modified faster and easier than more traditional books that are paper form for students with special needs.

In the end, we have to remember to see students as individuals, each with his and hers own unique way of learning, comprehending, and applying knowledge and skills. Technology, whether it be for general education or special needs use, cannot be seen as a stand-in or babysitter for a teacher will the ability to assess a students’ progress and make adjusts accordingly. It is only when all the players work together: student, teacher, special needs advisor, and assistive technology that we can help each student become successful in their educational career.

ECOMP 6102: Reasoning Paper - Final

Access product via Google Docs: click here

ECOMP 6102: Final Design: a Performance Assessment Task

Part 1 - Performance Task Description
Part 2 - Description of Assessment Design
Part 3 - Create and Evaluate a Rubric
Part 4 - Self Assessment


Access product via Google Docs: click here

ECOMP 6102: Design a Performance Assessment Task

Part One - Performance Task Description:
1. Identify the grade level and subject area for which you will be creating an assessment.

Grade level: 6
Subject Area: Technology

2. Write out the Learning Targets (Standard, objective, goal) that will be assessed.

A. ISTE NETS (http://www.iste.org/standards/nets-for-students/nets-for-students-2007-profiles.aspx#6-8):
3. Gather data, examine patterns, and apply information for decision making using digital tools and resources. (1,4)

B. District Technology Skills Set
Collect information and display the data in graphical form.

3. Identify the type of performance you will be expecting of your students as the final Performance Assessment for these standards.

a. What performances or products are you expecting from students? 

Students will create a graph/chart based on data collected from the experiments they conducted previously as part of their science fair project. They will use the computer and the application Pages to construct the graph/chart. The final product will include:

• A title that states the dependent and independent variables.
• A legend/key that will tell the audience what the colored parts of your graph represent.
• A label for both your x-axis and your y-axis.
• The unit of measurement used to measure the data results.
• The final product must fit on a single page with decisions about font, color, and type of graph that will make the product easy to read and understand by the audience.

b. Consider the knowledge students will have to have to do this performance. List the elements of knowledge this performance task will require.

Students will need to know the following:

• Graph/chart terminology
• A basic understanding of how to use and navigate the application software
• How to enter data into the Chart Data Editor
• How to use the Chart Inspector to apply enhancements such as axis labels, number of measurement steps, and a legend.

c. Provide some information about how will you teach the skills students need to do this performance task.

Prior to the start of this assignment, students will engage in a series of practice exercises where they will practice creating and modifying graphs in order to become familiar with the application tools, comfortable with the vocabulary, and an understanding of what finished product should look like. Students will first create a graph from scratch, using data provided by the teacher, to practice entering data into the Chart Data Editor and then how to apply the list of required components to the graph. Second, students will be given an incomplete graph that has experiment data but is missing key components and must fill in the missing pieces to complete the graph. The experiment data for these exercises will be taken from actual experiments conducted by students from previous science fair projects.

d. Are there conditions that students need to adhere to?

Students may work individually or with a partner on the practice exercises. Students are encouraged to “peer edit” each other’s work to check for understanding and comprehension of how the data is displayed in their graphs.


Part 2 - Description of Assessment Design
1. Describe the assessment procedures you will use:

a. How will you help students understand what it means to create a "good" product or performance?

At the beginning of the lesson the teacher will review with students the checklist of components that need to be present on any graph/chart they construct. For the graph “built from scratch” activity, the checklist will be used to evaluate the quality of the product using several student volunteers. For the “incomplete graph” activity, students will use the checklist to identify the missing components via class discussion. At the end, several student volunteers will submit their chart for evaluation by the class using the checklist.

b. How will you monitor students as they work on this performance assessment to be sure that the work they are doing is turning out "good"? 

The chart/graph checklist will be displayed on the screen at the front of the class for students to refer to throughout the period. Students will also be required to download a copy of the checklist to be saved to their folder or portable device for reference later in other classes or other projects.

c. What kind of a scoring document will you use to determine students' final grades on this task?

The chart/graph component checklist will be used and referred to throughout the activity as the criteria for determining the students’ progress. A rubric based on the checklist will be used to evaluate students for their final grade.

ECOMP 6102: Writing Essay Questions

1. Use your Test Blueprint to write three (3) Essay Questions that engage students in reasoning.

2. Identify the type(s) of reasoning your students will be required to use to answer each of these questions. Identify all the different types of reasoning students will have to use to answer each of the questions you wrote.

3. Place your Essay Questions in the word document.

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Grades 6-8 (Ages 11-14)
5. Evaluate digital resources to determine the credibility of the author and publisher and the timeliness and accuracy of the content. (3)

Content	Knowledge & Understanding	Deductive Reasoning	Evaluative Reasoning	Total
Credibility	10	15	15	40
Timeliness	10	20	20	50
Accuracy	15	20	20	55
Total	35	55	55	145_

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Essay Question #1 (classification, deductive reasoning):
In class we talked about what a domain is and what it can tell you about whether a website, and the information it contains, can be trusted. Using the set of domain names provided, organize them into a list from least to most trustworthy. Explain your rationale for the ordering of your list.

Essay Question #2: (analysis, evaluation)
During the course of this activity, we looked at four websites and tried to determine if the information they provided could be trusted. Evaluate the content of the Tree Octopus website and determine if you would recommend this website be added to the school library as a resource for students. In your argument, think about our discussions about timeliness of information and if the content provided appears realistic.

Essay Question #3: (evaluation, knowledge & understanding)
After describing your latest school assignment to your family, your older sibling comes to you and with a sneaky sort of smile, recommends this website that will answer any questions that your teacher may ask of you. Before you base your entire project on this website, describe what you would look for to determine if the website is trustworthy or not. Discuss what items would make you more likely to trust the website and what items would make you begin to doubt its credibility.